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PPT : Boiler Instrumentation and Controls Seminar with Free Download


Published on Apr 02, 2024

Abstract

Slide 1 :

WELCOME TO THE SEMINAR

ON

Boiler Instrumentation and Controls

Slide 2 :

Introduction

==> Instrumentation and controls in a boiler plant encompass an enormous range of equipment from simple in the small industrial plant to the complex in the large utility station.

==> Boiler Instrumentation Control is the control over the industrial boilers.

==> It consists of several control loops to control various systems related to a boiler.

==> The main control of boilers include combination control and feed water control.

==> To do the various operations in control different hardware methods are used

Slide 3 :

Control Loops

==> Combustion controls

==> Amounts of fuel and air must be carefully regulated to keep excess air within close tolerances-especially over the loads.

==> This is critical to efficient boiler operation no matter what the unit size, type of fuel fired or control system used
==> Feed water control

==> Industrial boilers are subject to wide load variations and require quick responding control to maintain constant drum level.

==> Multiple element feed water control can help faster and more accurate control response

Slide 4 :

Figure

==>

Slide 5 :

Combustion Control

==> A combustion control system is broken down into (a) fuel control and (b) combustion air control subsystems.

==> The interrelationship between these two subsystems necessitate the use of fuel air ration controls

==> The primary boiler fuels are coal, oil and gas.

==> The control of gas and oil fuels requires simplest controls- ie, a control valve in the fuel line

==> Therefore by controlling the steam supply one can establish balance between the demand for steam (process load ) and supply of water

Slide 6 :

Feedwater Control

==> Feedwater control is the regulation of water to the boiler drum. It provide a mass accounting system for steam leading and feedwater entering the boiler.

==>The water is admitted to the steam drum and after absorbing the heat from furnace generates the steam produced by the boiler

==>Proper boiler operation requires that the level of water in the steam drum should be maintained within certain band.

==>An increase in the level of water may interfere with the internal operation of internal devices in the boiler drum.

Slide 7 :

Partial vaporization in evaporating tubes

==> Figure

Slide 8 :

Single and Two Element Control Systems

==> For small boilers having relatively high storage volumes and slow changing loads ,single element control system is used.

==> It controls feed water flow based on drum level. Response is very slow because a change in feedwater flow takes a long time to show up the level change.

==> As a result the steam drum causes water to increase and decrease in volume, resulting in false measurements

==> This control is used in intermediate boilers as well as large boilers

Slide 9 :

Three element control

==> Boilers that experiences wide and rapid load changes require three element control.

==> Three element control is similar to two element system except that the water flow loop is closed rather than open

==> Control action, the third element based on feedwater flow.

==> The feedwater flow measurement provides corrective action for variation in feedwater pressure

Slide 10 :

Conclusion

==> The various goals of boiler control includes:

==> To minimize excess air

==> To minimize blowdown

==> To minimize steam pressure

==> To measure efficiency

==> To find when to perform maintenance

Slide 11 :

References

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